Artificial Intelligence

Several publishers have offered guidance on how AI tools should be considered for publications. Some highlights are below. This information is likely to change, so please consult the journal's Author Guidelines information before submitting your work.

COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics) is an international association designed to educate and support editors, publishers, universities, research institutes, and all those involved in publication ethics. Publishers, including the JAMA Network, Oxford University Press, and Wiley & Sons, default to COPE's Position Statement on Authorship and AI tools (2023). COPE states that 

"AI tools cannot meet the requirements for authorship as they cannot take responsibility for the submitted work. As non-legal entities, they cannot assert the presence or absence of conflicts of interest nor manage copyright and license agreements.

"Authors who use AI tools in the writing of a manuscript, production of images or graphical elements of the paper, or in the collection and analysis of data, must be transparent in disclosing in the Materials and Methods (or similar section) of the paper how the AI tool was used and which tool was used. Authors are fully responsible for the content of their manuscript, even those parts produced by an AI tool, and are thus liable for any breach of publication ethics."

• Elsevier's Publishing Ethics webpage has a section entitled "The use of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the journal editorial process." It states that  "...authors are allowed to use generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process before submission, but only to improve the language and readability of their paper and with the appropriate disclosure, as per our instructions in Elsevier’s Guide for Authors."
• Taylor & Francis issued the press release Taylor & Francis Clarifies the Responsible use of AI Tools in Academic Content Creation on February 17 2023, which states, in part, that "...AI tools must not be listed as an author. Authors must, however, acknowledge all sources and contributors included in their work. Where AI tools are used, such use must be acknowledged and documented appropriately."
• Nature's Editorial Policies include a page on Artificial Intelligence (AI), which includes three sections: AI authorship, Generative AI images, and  AI use by peer reviewers.
• Cambridge University Press has a webpage Authorship and contributorship with a section on called "AI Contributions to Research Content." 
• Sage's webpage Author Guidelines on Using Generative AI and Large Language Models contains five points to consider, including that authors should disclose any AI usage, verify any facts provided, and evaluate for potential bias.